COVID-19 evidence from HSE and SSE
As part of our ongoing effort to support decision-makers in their work related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Forum is actively searching and for systematic reviews that are relevant to (if not explicitly conducted in the context of) the changes to health-system arrangements, as well as the social and economic responses, that decision-makers may be considering in response to COVID-19. We profile all relevant reviews using the COVID-END taxonomy of decisions related to COVID-19, showing only those decision-making domains for which documents have been identified. To support ease of use, each relevant document is listed with information about its focus, quality (for reviews only), date of last search (or publication), and countries where the research was conducted. For the many additional resources available to support decisions related to COVID-19, see our guide to key COVID-19 evidence sources for a list of resources that also address public-health measures and clinical management of COVID-19 and pandemic-related conditions (such as mental health and addictions issues).
Health-system arrangements
| Broad decisions | Specific decisions | Available options | Document focus | Quality | Date of last search (or updating) | Countries |
| Approach to population-health management for COVID-19 and for those whose care is disrupted by COVID-19 |
Addressing barriers to implementation of pathways and services | 3/10 | 2020 | Canada(1); South Africa(2); UK (England & Wales)(1); United States(2) | ||
| |
4/9 | 2019 | Africa(3); Hong Kong(1); Italy(1); Not reported(1); Sierra Leone(1); Singapore(1); Taiwan(1); United States(1) | |||
| Maintaining gains made in population-health management (e.g., population segmentation, virtual care) and spreading and scaling them | 5/9 | 2017 | Australia(2); Netherlands(1); United States(4) | |||
| Delivery arrangements | ||||||
| Service planning for COVID-19 prevention | Re-locating hospital-based ambulatory clinics, cancer treatments, etc. |
3/9 | 2019 | Not reported(1); United States(12) | ||
| Changing home and community care procedures |
6/9 | 2016 | Bangladesh(1); Ethiopia(1); Global(4); Hong Kong(1); India(18); Indonesia(1); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(2); Kenya(1); Latin America(1); Malaysia(1); Morocco(1); Myanmar(1); Nepal(1); Nigeria(1); Pakistan(7); Philippines(1); South Africa(1); Taiwan(1); Thailand(1); Uganda(1); Vietnam(1) |
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| Scaling up/down COVID-19 sequelae-management capacity |
4/9 | 2020 | Australia(3); Canada(1); Chile(1); China(4); Finland(1); France(4); Global(3); Hong Kong(1); India(1); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(2); Israel(1); Italy(9); Japan(1); Netherlands(1); Not reported(1); Portugal(1); Singapore(1); Spain(3); Switzerland(1); United Kingdom(7); United States(7) | |||
| Scaling up/down capacity to manage the pandemic-related impacts on health more generally (e.g., mental health and addictions) | 10/11 | 2020 | Canada(10); China(12); Germany(1); Greece(1); Hong Kong(8); Japan(1); Korea (Republic of)(5); Liberia(1); Mexico(1) Netherlands(1); Saudi Arabia(2); Singapore(6); Taiwan(10) |
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| 5/10 | 2018 | Australia(4); Canada(2); Germany(2); Israel(1); Sierra Leone(1); United Kingdom(2); United States(20) |
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| 3/9 | Not reported | Not available | ||||
| 7/11 | 2020 | China(45); Denmark(1); Greece(1); India(3); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(4); Israel(1); Italy(4); Japan(1); Latin America(1); Pakistan(1); Singapore(2); Spain(2); Turkey(2); Viet Nam(1) | ||||
| 3/9 | 2020 | China(36); Denmark(1); Hong Kong(2); India(1); Italy(2); Macao(1); Spain(1); Taiwan(1); Turkey(1) | ||||
| Surge-management models |
6/9 | 2020 | n/a | |||
| Triage protocols |
Not available yet |
Not reported | Australia(4); Canada(5); Denmark(4); France(1); India(1); Ireland(3); Israel(1); Italy(1); Netherlands(3); New Zealand(2); Not reported(1); Spain(1); Sweden(3); Switzerland(1); Taiwan(1); United Kingdom(9); United States(8) | |||
| 3/9 | 2014 | USA (8); Australia (3); UK (England) (2); Ireland (1); UAE (1) |
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| Infection prevention and control measures in health facilities |
8/10 | 2020 | Australia (2); Canada (2); Global (1); Not reported (1); United Kingdom (2); United States (2) | |||
| 3/9 | 2020 | Italy(1); Japan(1); Not reported(1); Singapore(6); Spain(1); Taiwan(1); United Kingdom (England)(1); United States(4) | ||||
| Service planning for the ongoing management of other conditions |
Changing cancer-treatment procedures | 1/9 | 2020 | n/a | ||
| Infrastructure planning and resource allocation |
Personal protective equipment (under shortage conditions), including N95 respirators for health workers | Production, allocation, usage, conservation, re-use (includes de-contamination), and re-purposing | 8/10 | 2020 | Australia(1); Canada(2); China(1); France(1); Germany(1); Hong Kong(3); Ireland(1); Mexico(1); Peru(1); Russian Federation(1); United Kingdom(1); United Kingdom (England)(1); United States(12) | |
| 5/9 | 2019 | Australia(2); Canada(2); Global(2); Japan(1); Netherlands(3); Romania(1); Spain(3); United Kingdom (England)(1); United States(20) |
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| Virtual visits |
Telephone, text, online platforms (e.g., Zoom), telehealth |
3/9 | 2020 | n/a | ||
| 1/9 | 2020 | Africa(1); Australia(6); Canada(7); China(1); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(1); Italy(1); Netherlands(2); New Zealand(2); Not reported(10); Taiwan(2); United Kingdom(9); United Kingdom (Scotland)(2); United States(14) | ||||
| 8/10 | 2020 | China(8); Taiwan(1) | ||||
| 6/9 | 2020 | Canada & USA(2); China(3); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(1); Italy(1); UK & USA(1); United Kingdom(1); United States(1) | ||||
| 10/10 | 2018 | Australia(2); Germany(1); Hong Kong(2); Ireland(1); Not reported(1); Spain(1); United States(13) | ||||
| 11/11 | 2016 | Australia(2); Croatia(1); France(1); Japan(2); Netherlands(3); Not reported(1); Singapore(1); South Africa(1); Taiwan(2); Turkey(1); United Kingdom(1); United States(2) | ||||
| 10/11 | 2015 | Denmark(1); Netherlands(1); United Kingdom(1); United Kingdom (England)(2); United States(1) | ||||
| 10/11 | 2016 | Netherlands(2); Not reported(2); United States(2) | ||||
| 10/10 | 2019 | Australia(4); Canada(2); China(1); United Kingdom(1); United States(14) | ||||
| 10/10 | 2016 | China(1); Malaysia(1); New Zealand(2); Not reported(4); Pakistan(2); United States(3) | ||||
| 10/10 | 2017 | Canada(1); China(1); South Africa(1); Spain(1) | ||||
| 10/11 | 2008 | Argentina(1); Australia(1); Austria(1); Belgium(1); Brazil(2); Canada(3); Finland(1); France(1); Germany(4); India(1); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(1); Italy(6); Netherlands(3); Poland(2); Sweden(1); United Kingdom(2); United Kingdom (England)(3); United Kingdom (Scotland)(2); United States(17) | ||||
| 10/10 | 2018 | Canada(3); Germany(1); Sweden(1); United States(6) | ||||
| 11/11 | 2014 | Germany(1); Netherlands(1); Spain(1); United Kingdom (Scotland)(1); United States(7) | ||||
| 11/11 | 2017 | Australia(2); Canada(3); Denmark(1); Germany(2); Japan(1); Netherlands(7); New Zealand(3); Norway(1); Not reported(3); Sweden(4); Switzerland(1); United Kingdom(2); United States(27) | ||||
| 10/10 | 2013 | Canada(1); Germany(1); United States(9) | ||||
| 10/10 | 2011 | Australia(1)China(1)Korea (Republic of)(2)United Kingdom(1)United States(11) | ||||
| 9/10 | 2019 | Australia(1); Canada(3); China(1); France(1); Germany(3); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(3)Korea (Republic of)(1); Netherlands(1); Sweden(1); United Kingdom (England)(5); United States(23) | ||||
| 8/9 | 2013 | Australia(2); Canada(7); Italy(1); New Zealand(1); Not reported(14); Spain(1); Tanzania (United Republic of)(1); Thailand(1); United Kingdom(2); United Kingdom (Scotland)(1); United States(14) | ||||
| 9/10 | 2012 | United States(1) | ||||
| 10/10 | 2014 | Cambodia(1); Israel(1); United States(3) | ||||
| 6/7 | 2015 | To be completed | ||||
| 10/10 | 2016 | Australia(1); Austria(5); Brazil(2); Germany(1); Italy(3); Japan(1); New Zealand(1); Slovenia(1); Spain(1); Sweden(1); United Kingdom (England)(4); United States(4) | ||||
| 10/10 | 2012 | Canada(1); Italy(2); Netherlands(2); United States(5) | ||||
| Workforce planning (including workforce shortages management) and development |
Training in new procedures | 5/9 | 2016 | Iran (Islamic Republic of)(1); Not reported(1); United Kingdom(1); United States(4) |
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| 6/10 | 2015 | Australia(1); Canada(2); China(1); Indonesia(1); Norway(1); United Kingdom(1); United States(8) |
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| 4/9 | 2018 | Australia(1); Brazil(3); Greece(1); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(1); Israel(1); Norway(1); Taiwan(1); United Kingdom (England)(1); United Kingdom (Scotland)(1); United States(10) | ||||
| 6/9 | 2019 | Australia(1); Belgium(2); Canada & USA(1); Ghana(1); Hong Kong(2); Ireland(1); Israel(2); Japan(1); Netherlands(1); Spain(1); Sweden(2); United Kingdom (England)(5); United States(16) | ||||
| 8/10 | 2020 | Germany(1); Israel(1); Italy(1); Korea (Republic of)(1); Saudi Arabia(1); United States(18) | ||||
| 3/9 | 2020 | To be completed | ||||
| 4/9 | 2020 | China(16); Global(1); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(2); Italy(1); Not reported(5); Singapore(1); United Kingdom(2); United States(1) | ||||
| Self-management supports |
2/9 | 2020 | Australia(5); Europe(1); India(1); Not reported(6); United Kingdom(4); United Kingdom (England)(2); United States(3) | |||
| Financial arrangements | ||||||
| Financing health services |
9/10 | 2011 | Armenia(1); Australia(6); Belgium(1); Brazil(1); Canada(7); China(3); Finland(1); Germany(10); Iceland(1); India(1); Israel(10); Japan(2); Mexico(1); Netherlands(4); Norway(1); Pakistan(1); Sweden(2); Turkey(1); United Kingdom(8); United States(108) | |||
| Governance arrangements (who can make what decisions) | ||||||
| Policy authority | Other | 4/9 | 2016 | Africa(3); Chad(1); France(1); Global(13); Haiti(5); India(1); Israel(1); Italy(1); Japan(1); Rwanda(1); Sweden(1); Turkey(1); United States(10) | ||
| To be completed | 2014 | To be completed | ||||
Economic and social responses
| Broad decisions | Specific decisions | Available options | Document focus | Quality | Date of last search (or updating) | Countries |
| Community and social services |
Supports for community resilience |
4/9 | 2020 | Haiti(1); Liberia(2); Sierra Leone(2); Singapore(1) |
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| 5/9 | 2019 | Australia(1); Philippines(2); United States(2) | ||||
| 5/9 | 2016 | Canada(1); China(1); Guam(1); Hong Kong(1); Iran (Islamic Republic of)(1); Japan(2); Nepal(1); Not reported(5); Puerto Rico(1); Thailand(1); United States(18) | ||||
| 5/9 | 2013 | Not reported | ||||
| 3/9 | 2017 | Not reported | ||||
| 1/9 | 2019 | Not reported | ||||
| 8/9 | 2020 | n/a | ||||
| Financial protection |
Income replacement |
Direct replacement (unemployment insurance, other like cash transfer for those who are not eligible for it), replacement through employers (wage subsidies), guaranteed minimum income |
5/9 | 2019 | n/a | |
| Housing |
Homeless shelters |
3/9 | 2020 | n/a | ||
| Transportation |
Private transportation restrictions |
Air, ground, rail International, inter-region (e.g., no travel to second homes) |
4/9 | 2017 | Australia(1); China(2); Croatia(1); Czech Republic(1); Japan(4); Kenya(1); Not reported(3); Saudi Arabia(1); Taiwan(1); Turkey(1); United States(7) |